中国：天然气长距离运输和城市配气的监管框架

前言 Preface 缩写词 Acronyms and Abbreviations 概述 Executive Summary 1 背景 1 Background 2 建立监管框架：法律问题 2 Creating a Regulatory Framework: Legislative Issues 2.1 立法：必要性、背景和程序问题 2.1 Legislation: Needs, Context, and Process Issues 2.2 天然气法的范围和内容 2.2 Scope and Features of a Gas Law 2.3 石油天然气行业的立法改革 2.3 Oil and Gas Sector Legislative Reform 2.4 可能需要修订的法律 2.4 Laws That May Need to Be Amended 2.5 能源行业的配合 2.5 Energy Sector Interfaces 2.6 立法过程：机构和程序 2.6 The Legal Process: Institutions and Procedures 2.7 为天然气下游领域立法 2.7 Legislation for the Downstream Gas Industry 2.8 结论和建议 2 .8 Conclusions and Recommendations 3 监管框架、责任和权力 3 Regulatory Framework, Responsibilities, and Powers 3.1 有效监管的原则 3.1 The Principles of Efficient and Effective Regulation 3.2 天然气下游监管委员会 3.2 The Downstream Gas Regulatory Comrmssion 3.3 天然气下游监管机构的责任 3.3 Responsibilities of a Downstream Gas Regulator 3.4 天然气下游监管机构的权力 3.4 Powers of a Downstream Gas Regulator 3.5 “许可证方式”和“规则方式” 3.5 “License-Based” and “Rules-Based” Regulation 3.6 中国天然气下游监管委员会的责任 3.6 Responsibilities of a Downstream Gas Regulatory Commission in China 3.7 中国天然气下游监管委员会的权力 3.7 The Powers of a Downstream Gas Regulatory Commission in China 3.8 总结性建议 3.8 Recommendations 4 实施监管的建议 4 Implementing the Regulatory Recommendations 4.1 主要的监管任务 4.1 The Key Regulatory Tasks 4.2 对被许可企业加以限定的应用 4.2 Applying the Definitions of Licensed Entities 4.3 利用合适的许可证标准条件 4.3 Using the Appropriate Standard Conditions of Licenses 5 监管的程序和过程 5 Regulatory Procedures and Processes 5.1 概述 5.1 Overview 5.2 许可证及其申请 5.2 Licenses and License Applications 5.3 程序 5.3 Procedures 5.4 过程 5.4 Processes 5.5 电子信息和沟通的作用 5.5 The Role of Electronic Information and Communications 5.6 建议 5.6 Recommendations 6 中央政府和地方政府的监管责任 6 Regulatory Responsibility of the Central and Provincial Governments 6.1 现状 6.1 Current Situation 6.2 需考虑的因素 6.2 Considerations 6.3 建议 6.3 Recommendations 6.4 结论 6.4 Conclusions 7 成立临时监管机构 7 Establishing the Interim Regulator 7.1 Background 7.2 可以考虑的法律措施 7.2 Legal Measures for Consideration 附录1 参照国际惯例和经验的“天然气运输和城市配送法律范例” Annex 1 Model Legislation Regarding Long-Distance Transmission and Urban Gas Distribution Based on International Practice and Experience 附录2 中国天然气行业市场结构和定价：现状、改革目标及向批发竞争过渡 Annex 2 Gas Industry Market Structure and Pricing: Current Situation, Objectives for Reform, and Transition to Wholesale Competition 附录3 天然气行业的改革与监管：共识与分歧——2002年4月研讨会总结 Annex 3 Gas Sector Reform and Regulation: Consensus and Difference-A Summary of the April 2002 Workshop 附录4 石油天然气法律法规：现状、冲突与一致性 Annex 4 Oil and Gas Legislation: Status,Conflicts,and Consistency 附录5 中国在规则方式和许可证方式上的选择 Annex 5 Choosing between the Rules-Based and the License-Based Approaches for China 附录6 定义资格消费者 Annex 6 Defining Eligible Consumers 附录7 许可证条件的几个例子 Annex 7 Some Examples of License Conditions