作者：（英）乔纳森·布雷斯韦特
页数：164
出版社：哈尔滨工业大学出版社
出版日期：2021
ISBN：9787560394343
电子书格式：pdf/epub/txt
内容简介
本书是一部英文版的物理学专著,也可作为大学教材。这本书的内容是作者在波恩大学为硕士生开设的一门“流体力学”课程的基础上发展起来的.虽然这门课程是为已经完成物理学本科学位的学生设计的,但只要求学生有一点儿预备知识即可,即要熟悉很好基本的热力学和向量微积分,这门课程对任何物理学科的学生都是有用的.然而,相对于在工程上的应用,本著作偏向于天体物理学和地球物理学的应用,这意味着读者一定要关注这些领域中重要的现象。
目录
Preface
Author biography
1 Introduction
1.1 The fluid approximation
1.2 The hydrodynamic equations
Exercise
2 Some basic concepts
2.1 Visualisation
2.2 Sound waves
2.3 Compressibility
2.3.1 The incompressible equations of motion
2.4 Rotation of fluid elements
2.4.1 Cireulation
2.4.2 Vorticity
2.4.3 Potential flo w
2.5 Gravitationally stratified fluid
2.5.1 Hydrostatic equilibrium
2.5.2 The Boussinesq and anelastic approximations
2.5.3 The hydrostatic approximation
Exercises
References
3 Steady flow of an ideal fluid
3.I Bernoulli’s equation
3.1.1 Applications of Bernoulli’s equation
3.2 Subsonic and supersonic flow
3.3 Flow through a nozzle
3.4 Stellar winds and accretion
Exercises
References
4 Viscosity
4.1 The viscous stress tensor
4.2 Viscous heating
4.3 Examples of viscous flow
4.4 Similarity and dimensionless parameters
4.5 Regimes of viscous flow: example of flow past a solid body
4.6 Boundary layers
4.7 Heat diffusion
Exercises
Reference
5 Waves and instabilities
5.1 Surface gravity waves
5.1.1 The shallow-water equations
5.2 One fluid on top of another fluid
5.3 Shear instability between two fluids
5.4 Internal gravity waves
5.5 Convection
5.6 Baroclinic instability
5.7 Turbulence
5.8 The Jeans instability
Exercises
References
6 Shocks
6.1 Viscous versus pressure gradient force
6.2 The jump conditions
6.3 Contexts
6.4 Hydraulic jumps
Exercises
7 Vorticity and rotating fluids
7.1 Vortices
7.2 The vorticity equation
7.3 The momentum equation in a rotating frame of reference
7.4 The centrifugal force and the von Zeipel paradox
7.5 The vorticity equation in a rotating frame
7.6 Inertial waves
7.7 The Taylor-Proudman theorem
7.8 The geostrophic approximation
7.9 Rossby waves
Exercises
References
8 Magnetohydrodynamics: equations and basic concepts
8.1 The MHD equations
8.2 The MHD approximation
8.3 The magnetic and other fields
8.4 A brief note concerning units
8.5 Field lines, flux conservation and flux freezing
8.6 Magnetic diffusivity
8.7 Magnetic pressure, tension and energy density
8.8 Waves
8.9 Different regimes in MHD
8.10 Magnetic helicity
8.11 MHD equilibria
Exercises
References
9 MHD: astrophysical contexts
9.1 The solar corona
9.1.1 Force-free and potential fields
9.1.2 Energy minima
9.1.3 Reconnection
9.2 Jets: launching, collimation and instabilities
9.2.1 Launching
9.2.2 Collimation
9.2.3 Instability
9.3 Angular momentum transport in discs
9.3.1 MRI: physical mechanism
and stability condition
9.3.2 The dispersion relation
9.3.3 MRI:remarks
Exercises
References
Appendix A: Useful information
编辑手记
Author biography
1 Introduction
1.1 The fluid approximation
1.2 The hydrodynamic equations
Exercise
2 Some basic concepts
2.1 Visualisation
2.2 Sound waves
2.3 Compressibility
2.3.1 The incompressible equations of motion
2.4 Rotation of fluid elements
2.4.1 Cireulation
2.4.2 Vorticity
2.4.3 Potential flo w
2.5 Gravitationally stratified fluid
2.5.1 Hydrostatic equilibrium
2.5.2 The Boussinesq and anelastic approximations
2.5.3 The hydrostatic approximation
Exercises
References
3 Steady flow of an ideal fluid
3.I Bernoulli’s equation
3.1.1 Applications of Bernoulli’s equation
3.2 Subsonic and supersonic flow
3.3 Flow through a nozzle
3.4 Stellar winds and accretion
Exercises
References
4 Viscosity
4.1 The viscous stress tensor
4.2 Viscous heating
4.3 Examples of viscous flow
4.4 Similarity and dimensionless parameters
4.5 Regimes of viscous flow: example of flow past a solid body
4.6 Boundary layers
4.7 Heat diffusion
Exercises
Reference
5 Waves and instabilities
5.1 Surface gravity waves
5.1.1 The shallow-water equations
5.2 One fluid on top of another fluid
5.3 Shear instability between two fluids
5.4 Internal gravity waves
5.5 Convection
5.6 Baroclinic instability
5.7 Turbulence
5.8 The Jeans instability
Exercises
References
6 Shocks
6.1 Viscous versus pressure gradient force
6.2 The jump conditions
6.3 Contexts
6.4 Hydraulic jumps
Exercises
7 Vorticity and rotating fluids
7.1 Vortices
7.2 The vorticity equation
7.3 The momentum equation in a rotating frame of reference
7.4 The centrifugal force and the von Zeipel paradox
7.5 The vorticity equation in a rotating frame
7.6 Inertial waves
7.7 The Taylor-Proudman theorem
7.8 The geostrophic approximation
7.9 Rossby waves
Exercises
References
8 Magnetohydrodynamics: equations and basic concepts
8.1 The MHD equations
8.2 The MHD approximation
8.3 The magnetic and other fields
8.4 A brief note concerning units
8.5 Field lines, flux conservation and flux freezing
8.6 Magnetic diffusivity
8.7 Magnetic pressure, tension and energy density
8.8 Waves
8.9 Different regimes in MHD
8.10 Magnetic helicity
8.11 MHD equilibria
Exercises
References
9 MHD: astrophysical contexts
9.1 The solar corona
9.1.1 Force-free and potential fields
9.1.2 Energy minima
9.1.3 Reconnection
9.2 Jets: launching, collimation and instabilities
9.2.1 Launching
9.2.2 Collimation
9.2.3 Instability
9.3 Angular momentum transport in discs
9.3.1 MRI: physical mechanism
and stability condition
9.3.2 The dispersion relation
9.3.3 MRI:remarks
Exercises
References
Appendix A: Useful information
编辑手记
